The effectiveness of the debridement, cleaning and decontamination of the intra-radicular space is limited, given the anatomical complexity and the inability of common irrigants to penetrate into the lateral canals and the apical ramifications. The study also found residual infected pulp after the completion of chemo-mechanical preparation, both in the lateral canals and in the apical structures of vital and necrotic teeth associated with peri-radicular inflammation. A recent study found complex anatomical structures in 75% of the teeth analysed. Numerous lateral canals, of various dimensions and with multiple morphologies, branch off from the principal canals. The complexity of the root-canal system is well known. Traditional endodontic techniques use mechanical instruments, as well as ultrasound and chemical irrigation to shape, clean and completely decontaminate the endodontic system. The main goals of endodontic treatment are the effective cleaning of the root-canal system.
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